A Platform for Proactive, Risk-Based Slope Asset Management, Phase II

INE/AUTC 15.0

Phonetic Constraints and L1 Transfer of an English Phonological Rule in Spanish L2 Pronunciation

One particular area of concern for L2 Spanish students whose L1 is English is the pronunciation of Spanish rhotics. This study investigates L2 Spanish rhotic production in beginning learners, specifically addressing the possible effects that the different ways to produce rhotics in English (retroflex and bunched) have on the acquisition of Spanish tap and trill. It also addresses the influence that a phonological rule involving taps in English has on the acquisition of the same phone in Spanish. Results from multiple linear regressions involving forty-eight students enrolled in beginning Spanish foreign language classes show that English rhotic articulation alone is a significant predictor of trill accuracy and is a predictor of tap accuracy when controlling for amount of Spanish exposure. Concerning the effect of an L1 phonological rule on the production of Spanish rhotics, results from a paired samples t-test show that a significantly high percentage of accurately produced taps were found in words that follow the same phonological rule that produces taps in English. These results suggest that a theory of the second language acquisition of phonology should consider both phonological and physiological factors

Exploring the Energy Density Functional with High-Performance Computing

For theoretical nuclear physics to make predictions on nuclei far from stability it is necessary to develop a framework where meaningful calculations can be made throughout the nuclear chart. Such a framework has been established; using nuclear Density Functional Theory (DFT) along with massively parallel computing, it is now possible to make large-scale mass table calculations in a short period of time. For this work, large-scale mass tables were made using Skyrme Energy Density Functionals (EDFs). In order to determine the statistical and systematic uncertainties of these calculations, six different EDFs were used. Using ground state binding energy, pairing gap, radius, and deformation data from these tables, the following global properties were analyzed: the two-proton and two-neutron driplines, two-proton radioactivity, ground state reflection-asymmetric shapes, and neutron-skin thicknesses. These data were also used in the development of a new EDF. Lastly, in an effort to better understand nuclear collective modes, massively parallel computational techinques were used in the development of a method to calculate the sum rules for giant resonances

The Acquisition of Case in Spanish Pronominal Object Clitics in English-Speaking College-Level L2 Learners

The Second language acquisition (SLA) of Spanish pronominal object clitics (POCs) has been a topic of research with regards to clitic placement (Houston, 1997; Lee, 1987; LoCoco, 1987; VanPatten, 1984; and VanPatten & Houston 1998), acquiring specific dialectal norms (Geeslin, García-Amaya, Hasler-Barker, Henriksen, & Killam, 2010), and functional usage with datives (Zyzik, 2006). A thorough investigation of how second language (L2) learners acquire Spanish POCs in university-level Spanish classes in the United States including accusative POCs has not yet been carried out. This dissertation extends our knowledge of how these learners acquire Spanish POCs and how instruction impacts the acquisition process. Zyzik (2006) suggested that L2 learners create a dative POC prototype based on Animacy instead of Case as native speakers do. The first study of this dissertation extends Zyzik’s work by investigating L2 learners’ processing and use of Spanish pronominal object clitics, including the accusative POCs. A total of 121 L2 learners completed sentence-completion and cloze tasks to investigate how Animacy and Case influenced the way they distinguished Spanish POCs. Results from mixed ANOVAs show that lower proficiency L2 learners base POC distinctions on Animacy. However, more advanced learners show indications of shifting toward a Case-based system. A second study was conducted in order to test whether instruction was effective in preempting (Rutherford, 1989) an Animacy-based system. A second group of 115 L2 learners from different proficiency levels were divided into two groups (instructed and control). These participants completed similar tasks to the first study at three different times (pre-test, post-test, delayed post-test). Between the pre-test and post-test, learners in the instructed group received instruction on Spanish POCs. Results from mixed ANOVAs indicate that instruction was not more effective than exposure to Spanish POCs through the tasks performed. The finding that both participant groups showed evidence of the preemption of an Animacy-based system is taken as evidence that the tasks themselves effectively led learners to change their POC systems. An explanation of this phenomenon is that the tasks provided a type of computer-mediated processing instruction, forcing learners to process the POCs and notice additional possible contexts, effectuating the change

Benefits and barriers of cancer practitioners discussing physical activity with their cancer patients

Our aim was to synthesise the existing empirical literature and theoretical perspectives on the physical activity (PA) promotion practices and determinants of cancer clinicians and health professionals. We conducted a narrative review of theory and evidence to develop practice recommendations for improving the promotion of PA to cancer patients. Surveyed health professionals were aware of many benefits of PA for their cancer patients, although only ~40 % promoted PA to selected cancer patients. Walking was the most commonly promoted form of PA, with this promoted to assist patients control their weight and cardiovascular health risk. Barriers to promotion of PA included lack of time and knowledge of PA and behaviour change skills. Health professionals appear interested in promoting PA to their cancer patients, yet encounter several barriers. Further research is warranted to assist health professionals improve their PA promotion. An adapted reflective-impulsive model of social behaviour shows promise for assisting health professionals overcome barriers and provides an evidence-based theoretical framework for improving communication with patients. Universities, hospitals and/or health-care accreditation organisations also have important roles to play in assisting health professionals improve their promotion of PA to patients

Reynolds-Stress and Triple-Product Models Applied to Flows with Rotation and Curvature

Predictions for Reynolds-stress and triple product turbulence models are compared for flows with significant rotational effects. Driver spinning cylinder flowfield and Zaets rotating pipe case are to be investigated at a minimum

Reynolds-Stress and Triple-Product Models Applied to a Flow with Rotation and Curvature

Turbulence models, with increasing complexity, up to triple product terms, are applied to the flow in a rotating pipe. The rotating pipe is a challenging case for turbulence models as it contains significant rotational and curvature effects. The flow field starts with the classic fully developed pipe flow, with a stationary pipe wall. This well defined condition is then subjected to a section of pipe with a rotating wall. The rotating wall introduces a second velocity scale, and creates Reynolds shear stresses in the radial-circumferential and circumferential-axial planes. Furthermore, the wall rotation introduces a flow stabilization, and actually reduces the turbulent kinetic energy as the flow moves along the rotating wall section. It is shown in the present work that the Reynolds stress models are capable of predicting significant reduction in the turbulent kinetic energy, but triple product improves the predictions of the centerline turbulent kinetic energy, which is governed by convection, dissipation and transport terms, as the production terms vanish on the pipe axis